{"id":1931,"date":"2016-09-29T16:44:22","date_gmt":"2016-09-29T15:44:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novacom.group\/csrf\/?post_type=outputs&#038;p=1931"},"modified":"2020-11-19T11:37:42","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T11:37:42","slug":"android-app","status":"publish","type":"outputs","link":"https:\/\/novacom.group\/csrf\/outputs\/android-app\/","title":{"rendered":"Dual-Fuel Engines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-uagb-section uagb-section__wrap uagb-section__background-undefined uagb-block-cf600458\"><div class=\"uagb-section__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-section__inner-wrap\">\n<section class=\"wp-block-uagb-columns uagb-columns__wrap uagb-columns__background-undefined uagb-columns__stack-mobile uagb-columns__valign-undefined uagb-columns__gap-10 alignundefined uagb-block-18f3180e case-studies\"><div class=\"uagb-columns__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-columns__inner-wrap uagb-columns__columns-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-acfe7e15\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-column__inner-wrap\">\n<h3 class=\"output-sum-header\">Project output<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Testing of dual fuel tractor units before and after conversion to dual fuel to analyse engine emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"output-sum-header mt-5\">Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dual fuel CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions are 4%, 9% and 12% lower than diesel over urban, rural and motorway phases of the drive cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Total GHG (CO<sub>2<\/sub>e) emissions for dual fue are 17%, 13% and 24% higher than diesel over the urban, rural and motorway phases of the drive cycle respectively, as a result of methane slip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exhaust after-treatment using an effective methane oxidation catalyst can lead to approximately 5-8% reduction in total GHG.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-columns uagb-columns__wrap uagb-columns__background-undefined uagb-columns__stack-none uagb-columns__valign-undefined uagb-columns__gap-0 alignundefined uagb-block-101a390a\"><div class=\"uagb-columns__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-columns__inner-wrap uagb-columns__columns-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-aeeee0e0\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-column__inner-wrap\">\n<section class=\"wp-block-uagb-section uagb-section__wrap uagb-section__background-color uagb-block-042e3cbe\"><div class=\"uagb-section__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-section__inner-wrap\">\n<p class=\"sum-copy\">% fuel saving<\/p>\n\n\n\n<span class=\"sum-icon icon-star\"><\/span><span class=\"sum-icon icon-star\"><\/span>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pt-2\">Dual fuel operation has the benefit of reduced fuel costs because of the lower cost of natural gas than diesel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sum-copy\">% CO<sub>2<\/sub>e Saving<\/p>\n\n\n\n<span class=\"sum-icon icon-na\"><\/span>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pt-2\">Total GHG emissions for Euro V retrofitted dual-fuel systems are significantly higher than diesel over urban, rural and motorway drive cycles due to methane leakage or \u2018slip\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sum-copy\">Cost of implementation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<span class=\"sum-icon icon-gbp\"><\/span><span class=\"sum-icon icon-gbp\"><\/span><span class=\"sum-icon icon-gbp\"><\/span><span class=\"sum-icon icon-gbp\"><\/span>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pt-2\">Approx. \u00a318,000 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"sum-copy\">Implementation strategy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<span class=\"sum-icon icon-na\"><\/span>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"pt-2\">Do not implement at this time.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"output-sum-header mt-5\">References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol id=\"block-cce25a92-4949-44ae-995a-c85d2d8a3ac9\"><li>Stettler, M. E. J., et al. (2014). Greenhouse gas emissions from dual fuel HGVs.&nbsp; Centre for Sustainable Road Freight Technical Report CUED\/C-SRF\/TR04 ISSN: 2054-4081(Confidential) Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.<\/li><li>Stettler, M. E. J., et al. (2016),&nbsp; \u2018Greenhouse Gas and Noxious Emissions from Dual Fuel Diesel and Natural Gas Heavy Goods Vehicles.\u2019&nbsp;Environmental Science &amp; Technology&nbsp;<strong>50<\/strong>,(4): 2018-2026. DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b04240<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-eb163b8c related\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-column__inner-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"773\" src=\"https:\/\/novacom.group\/csrf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Project_4D_Waitrose_truck_pic_RESIZED-1024x773.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/novacom.group\/csrf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Project_4D_Waitrose_truck_pic_RESIZED-1024x773.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/novacom.group\/csrf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Project_4D_Waitrose_truck_pic_RESIZED-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/novacom.group\/csrf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Project_4D_Waitrose_truck_pic_RESIZED-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/novacom.group\/csrf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Project_4D_Waitrose_truck_pic_RESIZED.jpg 1077w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":2378,"template":"outputs.php","categories":[],"tags":[],"output_types":[13],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.4 - 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